/***************************************************************************
 *                GXmlNode.cpp - Abstract XML node base class              *
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------------- *
 *  copyright (C) 2010-2016 by Juergen Knoedlseder                         *
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------------- *
 *                                                                         *
 *  This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify   *
 *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by   *
 *  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or      *
 *  (at your option) any later version.                                    *
 *                                                                         *
 *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,        *
 *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of         *
 *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the          *
 *  GNU General Public License for more details.                           *
 *                                                                         *
 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License      *
 *  along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  *
 *                                                                         *
 ***************************************************************************/
/**
 * @file GXmlNode.cpp
 * @brief Abstract XML node base class implementation
 * @author Juergen Knoedlseder
 */

/* __ Includes ___________________________________________________________ */
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config.h>
#endif
#include "GTools.hpp"
#include "GException.hpp"
#include "GXmlNode.hpp"
#include "GXmlElement.hpp"
#include "GXmlDocument.hpp"

/* __ Method name definitions ____________________________________________ */
#define G_ACCESS                                 "GXmlNode::operator[](int&)"
#define G_SET                                "GXmlNode::set(int&, GXmlNode&)"
#define G_APPEND1                            "GXmlNode::append(std::string&)"
#define G_APPEND2                               "GXmlNode::append(GXmlNode&)"
#define G_INSERT                          "GXmlNode::insert(int&, GXmlNode&)"
#define G_REMOVE                                     "GXmlNode::remove(int&)"
#define G_ELEMENT1                        "GXmlNode* GXmlNode::element(int&)"
#define G_ELEMENT2                "GXmlNode* GXmlNode::element(std::string&)"
#define G_ELEMENT3          "GXmlNode* GXmlNode::element(std::string&, int&)"
#define G_EXTRACT_INDEX               "GXmlNode::extract_index(std::string&)"

/* __ Macros _____________________________________________________________ */

/* __ Coding definitions _________________________________________________ */

/* __ Debug definitions __________________________________________________ */


/*==========================================================================
 =                                                                         =
 =                         Constructors/destructors                        =
 =                                                                         =
 ==========================================================================*/

/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Void constructor
 ***************************************************************************/
GXmlNode::GXmlNode(void)
{
    // Initialise members
    init_members();

    // Return
    return;
}


/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Copy constructor
 *
 * @param[in] node XML node.
 ***************************************************************************/
GXmlNode::GXmlNode(const GXmlNode& node)
{
    // Initialise members
    init_members();

    // Copy members
    copy_members(node);

    // Return
    return;
}


/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Destructor
 ***************************************************************************/
GXmlNode::~GXmlNode(void)
{
    // Free members
    free_members();

    // Return
    return;
}


/*==========================================================================
 =                                                                         =
 =                                Operators                                =
 =                                                                         =
 ==========================================================================*/

/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Assignment operator
 *
 * @param[in] node XML node.
 * @return XML node.
 ***************************************************************************/
GXmlNode& GXmlNode::operator=(const GXmlNode& node)
{
    // Execute only if object is not identical
    if (this != &node) {

        // Free members
        free_members();

        // Initialise members
        init_members();

        // Copy members
        copy_members(node);

    } // endif: object was not identical

    // Return
    return *this;
}


/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Return pointer to XML child node
 *
 * @param[in] index Child node index [0,...,size()-1].
 * @return Pointer to XML child node at @p index.
 *
 * @exception GException::out_of_range
 *            Child node index is out of range.
 *
 * Returns a pointer to the XML child node with the specified @p index.
 ***************************************************************************/
GXmlNode* GXmlNode::operator[](const int& index)
{
    // Compile option: raise exception if index is out of range
    #if defined(G_RANGE_CHECK)
    if (index < 0 || index >= size()) {
        throw GException::out_of_range(G_ACCESS, index, 0, size()-1);
    }
    #endif

    // Return pointer
    return m_nodes[index];
}


/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Return pointer to XML child node (const version)
 *
 * @param[in] index Child node index [0,...,size()-1].
 * @return Pointer to XML child node at @p index.
 *
 * @exception GException::out_of_range
 *            Child node index is out of range.
 *
 * Returns a const pointer to the XML child node with the specified @p index.
 ***************************************************************************/
const GXmlNode* GXmlNode::operator[](const int& index) const
{
    // Compile option: raise exception if index is out of range
    #if defined(G_RANGE_CHECK)
    if (index < 0 || index >= size()) {
        throw GException::out_of_range(G_ACCESS, index, 0, size()-1);
    }
    #endif

    // Return pointer
    return m_nodes[index];
}


/*==========================================================================
 =                                                                         =
 =                             Public methods                              =
 =                                                                         =
 ==========================================================================*/

/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Set XML child node
 *
 * @param[in] index Child node index [0,...,size()-1].
 * @param[in] node XML child node.
 * @return Pointer to deep copy of child node
 *
 * @exception GException::invalid_argument
 *            Not allowed to append root node.
 * @exception GException::invalid_value
 *            Not allowed to append to a text, comment or PI node.
 * @exception GException::out_of_range
 *            Child node index is out of range.
 *
 * Set XML child node. A deep copy of the node will be made and the pointer
 * to this node will be stored.
 ***************************************************************************/
GXmlNode* GXmlNode::set(const int& index, const GXmlNode& node)
{
    // Make sure that node to append is not a root node as only one root node
    // is allowed to exist in a document.
    if (node.type() == NT_DOCUMENT) {
        std::string msg = "Invalid attempt to append root note (GXmlDocument)"
                          " to a XML node. There can only be one root node in"
                          " an XML document.";
        throw GException::invalid_argument(G_SET, msg);
    }

    // Make sure that the current node is not a text node as nothing can be
    // appended to a text node.
    if (this->type() == NT_TEXT) {
        std::string msg = "Invalid attempt to append a XML node to a text node"
                          " (GXmlText). Nothing can be appended to a text node.";
        throw GException::invalid_value(G_SET, msg);
    }

    // Make sure that the current node is not a PI node as nothing can be
    // appended to a PI node.
    if (this->type() == NT_PI) {
        std::string msg = "Invalid attempt to append a XML node to a processing"
                          " instruction node (GXmlPI). Nothing can be appended"
                          " to a processing instruction node.";
        throw GException::invalid_value(G_SET, msg);
    }

    // Make sure that the current node is not a comment node as nothing can be
    // appended to a PI node.
    if (this->type() == NT_COMMENT) {
        std::string msg = "Invalid attempt to append a XML node to a comment"
                          " node (GXmlComment). Nothing can be appended"
                          " to a processing instruction node.";
        throw GException::invalid_value(G_SET, msg);
    }

    // Compile option: raise exception if index is out of range
    #if defined(G_RANGE_CHECK)
    if (index < 0 || index >= size()) {
        throw GException::out_of_range(G_SET, index, 0, size()-1);
    }
    #endif

    // Delete any existing node
    if (m_nodes[index] != NULL) delete m_nodes[index];

    // Assign new child node by cloning
    m_nodes[index] = node.clone();

    // Return pointer
    return m_nodes[index];
}


/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Append XML child node
 *
 * @param[in] node XML child node.
 * @return Pointer to appended child node
 *
 * @exception GException::invalid_argument
 *            Not allowed to append root node.
 * @exception GException::invalid_value
 *            Not allowed to append to a text, comment or PI node.
 *
 * Appends XML child node by making a deep copy of the node and storing its
 * pointer.
 ***************************************************************************/
GXmlNode* GXmlNode::append(const GXmlNode& node)
{
    // Make sure that node to append is not a root node as only one root node
    // is allowed to exist in a document.
    if (node.type() == NT_DOCUMENT) {
        std::string msg = "Invalid attempt to append root note (GXmlDocument)"
                          " to a XML node. There can only be one root node in"
                          " an XML document.";
        throw GException::invalid_argument(G_APPEND2, msg);
    }

    // Make sure that the current node is not a text node as nothing can be
    // appended to a text node.
    if (this->type() == NT_TEXT) {
        std::string msg = "Invalid attempt to append a XML node to a text node"
                          " (GXmlText). Nothing can be appended to a text node.";
        throw GException::invalid_value(G_APPEND2, msg);
    }

    // Make sure that the current node is not a PI node as nothing can be
    // appended to a PI node.
    if (this->type() == NT_PI) {
        std::string msg = "Invalid attempt to append a XML node to a processing"
                          " instruction node (GXmlPI). Nothing can be appended"
                          " to a processing instruction node.";
        throw GException::invalid_value(G_APPEND2, msg);
    }

    // Make sure that the current node is not a comment node as nothing can be
    // appended to a PI node.
    if (this->type() == NT_COMMENT) {
        std::string msg = "Invalid attempt to append a XML node to a comment"
                          " node (GXmlComment). Nothing can be appended"
                          " to a processing instruction node.";
        throw GException::invalid_value(G_APPEND2, msg);
    }

    // Clone child node
    GXmlNode* ptr = node.clone();

    // Append deep copy of child node
    m_nodes.push_back(ptr);

    // Return pointer
    return ptr;
}


/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Append XML element child node
 *
 * @param[in] segment XML child node.
 * @return Pointer to appended child node
 *
 * @exception GException::invalid_value
 *            Not allowed to append to a text, comment or PI node.
 *
 * Appends XML element that is constructed from a text @p segment. The text
 * segment is parsed and the element name and attributes are extracted using
 * the GXmlElement::parse_start() method. The method returns a pointer to the
 * XML element child node that has been appended.
 ***************************************************************************/
GXmlElement* GXmlNode::append(const std::string& segment)
{
    // Make sure that the current node is not a text node as nothing can be
    // appended to a text node.
    if (this->type() == NT_TEXT) {
        std::string msg = "Invalid attempt to append the text segment \""+
                          segment+"\" to a text node (GXmlText). Nothing can"
                          " be appended to a text node.";
        throw GException::invalid_value(G_APPEND1, msg);
    }

    // Make sure that the current node is not a PI node as nothing can be
    // appended to a PI node.
    if (this->type() == NT_PI) {
        std::string msg = "Invalid attempt to append a XML node to a processing"
                          " instruction node (GXmlPI). Nothing can be appended"
                          " to a processing instruction node.";
        throw GException::invalid_value(G_APPEND1, msg);
    }

    // Make sure that the current node is not a comment node as nothing can be
    // appended to a PI node.
    if (this->type() == NT_COMMENT) {
        std::string msg = "Invalid attempt to append a XML node to a comment"
                          " node (GXmlComment). Nothing can be appended"
                          " to a processing instruction node.";
        throw GException::invalid_value(G_APPEND1, msg);
    }

    // Create a new XML child element from the text segment
    GXmlElement* ptr = new GXmlElement(segment);

    // Append child element to container
    m_nodes.push_back(ptr);

    // Return child element
    return ptr;
}


/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Insert XML child node
 *
 * @param[in] index Child node index [0,...,size()-1].
 * @param[in] node XML child node.
 * @return Pointer to inserted child node
 *
 * @exception GException::invalid_argument
 *            Not allowed to append root node.
 * @exception GException::invalid_value
 *            Not allowed to append to a text, comment or PI node.
 * @exception GException::out_of_range
 *            Child node index is out of range.
 *
 * Inserts the XML child @p node before the node with the specified @p index.
 * A deep copy of the node will be made and the pointer to this node will be
 * stored.
 ***************************************************************************/
GXmlNode* GXmlNode::insert(const int& index, const GXmlNode& node)
{
    // Make sure that node to append is not a root node as only one root node
    // is allowed to exist in a document.
    if (node.type() == NT_DOCUMENT) {
        std::string msg = "Invalid attempt to append root note (GXmlDocument)"
                          " to a XML node. There can only be one root node in"
                          " an XML document.";
        throw GException::invalid_argument(G_INSERT, msg);
    }

    // Make sure that the current node is not a text node as nothing can be
    // appended to a text node.
    if (this->type() == NT_TEXT) {
        std::string msg = "Invalid attempt to append a XML node to a text node"
                          " (GXmlText). Nothing can be appended to a text node.";
        throw GException::invalid_value(G_INSERT, msg);
    }

    // Make sure that the current node is not a PI node as nothing can be
    // appended to a PI node.
    if (this->type() == NT_PI) {
        std::string msg = "Invalid attempt to append a XML node to a processing"
                          " instruction node (GXmlPI). Nothing can be appended"
                          " to a processing instruction node.";
        throw GException::invalid_value(G_INSERT, msg);
    }

    // Make sure that the current node is not a comment node as nothing can be
    // appended to a PI node.
    if (this->type() == NT_COMMENT) {
        std::string msg = "Invalid attempt to append a XML node to a comment"
                          " node (GXmlComment). Nothing can be appended"
                          " to a processing instruction node.";
        throw GException::invalid_value(G_INSERT, msg);
    }

    // Compile option: raise exception if index is out of range
    #if defined(G_RANGE_CHECK)
    if (is_empty()) {
        if (index > 0) {
            throw GException::out_of_range(G_INSERT, index, 0, size()-1);
        }
    }
    else {
        if (index < 0 || index >= size()) {
            throw GException::out_of_range(G_INSERT, index, 0, size()-1);
        }
    }
    #endif

    // Clone child node
    GXmlNode* ptr = node.clone();

    // Inserts deep copy of child node
    m_nodes.insert(m_nodes.begin()+index, ptr);

    // Return pointer
    return ptr;
}


/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Remove XML child node
 *
 * @param[in] index Child node index [0,...,size()-1].
 *
 * @exception GException::out_of_range
 *            Child node index is out of range.
 *
 * Remove XML child node at @p index.
 ***************************************************************************/
void GXmlNode::remove(const int& index)
{
    // Compile option: raise exception if index is out of range
    #if defined(G_RANGE_CHECK)
    if (index < 0 || index >= size()) {
        throw GException::out_of_range(G_REMOVE, index, 0, size()-1);
    }
    #endif

    // Delete node
    delete m_nodes[index];
    
    // Erase child node from container
    m_nodes.erase(m_nodes.begin() + index);
    
    // Return
    return;
}


/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Append all XML child nodes from another XML node
 *
 * @param[in] node XML node.
 *
 * Append all XML child nodes found in @p node to the actual object. Nodes
 * are copied deeply so that they live now on their on in the actual object.
 ***************************************************************************/
void GXmlNode::extend(const GXmlNode& node)
{
    // Do nothing if node container is empty
    if (!node.is_empty()) {

        // Get size. Note that we extract the size first to avoid an
        // endless loop that arises when a container is appended to
        // itself.
        int num = node.size();

        // Reserve enough space
        reserve(size() + num);

        // Loop over all child nodes and append pointers to deep copies 
        for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
            m_nodes.push_back(node[i]->clone());
        }

    } // endif: node container was not empty
    
    // Return
    return;
}


/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Return filename of XML file
 *
 * @return Filename.
 *
 * Returns the file name of the XML file by moving up the XML file hierarchy
 * to the root. In case that the XML node cannot move up to the root XML
 * node an empty file name is returned (this may happen if the XML node
 * is an orphan node). The file name will also be empty if the XML file has
 * not been read from disk or written to disk.
 ***************************************************************************/
GFilename GXmlNode::filename(void) const
{
    // Initialise empty filename
    GFilename filename;

    // Move up the XML document hierarchy until the root node has been
    // found
    GXmlNode* parent = this->parent();
    while (parent != NULL) {

        // Cast parent into a root node
        GXmlDocument* root = dynamic_cast<GXmlDocument*>(parent);

        // If the parent is a root node, recover the filename and exit the
        // loop
        if (root != NULL) {
            filename = root->filename();
            break;
        }

        // ... otherwise move up the XML tree
        else {
            parent = parent->parent();
        }

    } // endwhile: move up to the root document

    // Return filename
    return filename;
}


/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Return number of GXMLElement children of node
 *
 * @return Number of child elements.
 *
 * Returns the number of GXMLElement child elements of the XML node.
 * GXMLElement child elements are nodes of type NT_ELEMENT.
 ***************************************************************************/
int GXmlNode::elements(void) const
{
    // Compute number of child elements in node
    int elements = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < m_nodes.size(); ++i) {
        if (m_nodes[i]->type() == NT_ELEMENT) {
            elements++;
        }
    }

    // Return number of child elements
    return elements;
}


/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Return number of GXMLElement children with a given name
 *
 * @param[in] name Name of GXMLElement elements.
 * @return Number of child elements with a given @p name.
 *
 * Returns the number of GXMLElement child elements of the XML node that
 * have a given @p name. GXMLElement child elements are nodes of type
 * NT_ELEMENT.
 ***************************************************************************/
int GXmlNode::elements(const std::string& name) const
{
    // Compute number of child elements in node
    int elements = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < m_nodes.size(); ++i) {
        if (m_nodes[i]->type() == NT_ELEMENT) {
            if (static_cast<GXmlElement*>(m_nodes[i])->name() == name) {
                elements++;
            }
        }
    }

    // Return number of child elements
    return elements;
}


/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Return pointer to GXMLElement child
 *
 * @param[in] index Node index [0,...,elements()-1].
 * @return Pointer to child element (NULL if element does not exist).
 *
 * @exception GException::out_of_range
 *            Child element index is out of range.
 *
 * Returns a pointer to the child number @p index of the XML node. An
 * exception will be thrown if the @p index is not valid.
 ***************************************************************************/
GXmlElement* GXmlNode::element(const int& index)
{
    // If index is outside boundary then throw an error
    if (index < 0 || index >= elements()) {
        throw GException::out_of_range(G_ELEMENT1, index, 0, elements()-1);
    }

    // Get the requested child element
    GXmlElement* element  = NULL;
    int          elements = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < m_nodes.size(); ++i) {
        GXmlElement* src = dynamic_cast<GXmlElement*>(m_nodes[i]);
        if (src != NULL) {
            if (elements == index) {
                element = src;
                break;
            }
            elements++;
        }
    }

    // Return child element
    return element;
}


/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Return pointer to GXMLElement child (const variant)
 *
 * @param[in] index Node index [0,...,elements()-1].
 * @return Pointer to child element (NULL if element does not exist).
 *
 * @exception GException::out_of_range
 *            Child element index is out of range.
 *
 * Returns a pointer to the child number @p index of the XML node. An
 * exception will be thrown if the @p index is not valid.
 ***************************************************************************/
const GXmlElement* GXmlNode::element(const int& index) const
{
    // If index is outside boundary then throw an error
    if (index < 0 || index >= elements()) {
        throw GException::out_of_range(G_ELEMENT1, index, 0, elements()-1);
    }

    // Get the requested child element
    const GXmlElement* element  = NULL;
    int                elements = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < m_nodes.size(); ++i) {
        const GXmlElement* src = dynamic_cast<const GXmlElement*>(m_nodes[i]);
        if (src != NULL) {
            if (elements == index) {
                element = src;
                break;
            }
            elements++;
        }
    }

    // Return child element
    return element;
}


/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Return pointer on child walking down a hierarchy of tags
 *
 * @param[in] name Child element hierarchy.
 * @return Pointer to child element (NULL if element does not exist).
 *
 * @exception GException::invalid_argument
 *            Hierarchy string invalid.
 *
 * Returns a pointer to the child element described by a hierarchy of the
 * following syntax
 *
 *     params > param[1] > value > struct
 *
 * The > symbols indicate subsequent hierarchy levels, the square brackets
 * provides the index in case that multiple tags with the same name exist
 * at a given hierarchy level. Omitting the index means that the first
 * tag with the specified name is accessed.
 *
 * If the specified element does not exist the method returns a NULL pointer.
 ***************************************************************************/
GXmlElement* GXmlNode::element(const std::string& name)
{
    // Initialise child node pointer
    GXmlElement* element = NULL;

    // Split name into tags
    std::vector<std::string> tags = gammalib::split(name, ">");

    // Walk down the hierarchy
    GXmlNode* current = this;
    for (int i = 0; i < tags.size(); ++i) {

        // Get tag name and index
        std::string tag   = gammalib::strip_whitespace(tags[i]);
        int         index = extract_index(tag);

        // Break if the requested node does not exist
        int n = current->elements(tag);
        if (n < 1 || index < 0 || index >= n) {
            element = NULL;
            break;
        }

        // Get node
        element = current->element(tag, index);
        current = element;

        // Break if node has not been found
        if (current == NULL) {
            element = NULL;
            break;
        }
        
    } // endfor: walked down hierarchy

    // Return child element
    return element;
}


/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Return pointer on child walking down a hierarchy of tags (const
 *        version)
 *
 * @param[in] name Child element hierarchy.
 * @return Pointer to child element (NULL if element does not exist).
 *
 * @exception GException::invalid_argument
 *            Hierarchy string invalid.
 *
 * Returns a pointer to the child element described by a hierarchy of the
 * following syntax
 *
 *     params > param[1] > value > struct
 *
 * The > symbols indicate subsequent hierarchy levels, the square brackets
 * provides the index in case that multiple tags with the same name exist
 * at a given hierarchy level. Omitting the index means that the first
 * tag with the specified name is accessed.
 *
 * If the specified element does not exist the method returns a NULL pointer.
 ***************************************************************************/
const GXmlElement* GXmlNode::element(const std::string& name) const
{
    // Initialise child node pointer
    const GXmlElement* element = NULL;

    // Split name into tags
    std::vector<std::string> tags = gammalib::split(name, ">");

    // Walk down the hierarchy
    const GXmlNode* current = this;
    for (int i = 0; i < tags.size(); ++i) {

        // Get tag name and index
        std::string tag   = gammalib::strip_whitespace(tags[i]);
        int         index = extract_index(tag);

        // Break if the requested node does not exist
        int n = current->elements(tag);
        if (n < 1 || index < 0 || index >= n) {
            element = NULL;
            break;
        }

        // Get node
        element = current->element(tag, index);
        current = element;

        // Break if node has not been found
        if (current == NULL) {
            element = NULL;
            break;
        }
        
    } // endfor: walked down hierarchy

    // Return child element
    return element;
}


/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Return pointer on GXMLElement child of a given name
 *
 * @param[in] name Name of child element.
 * @param[in] index Node index [0,...,elements()-1].
 * @return Pointer to child element (NULL if element does not exist).
 *
 * @exception GException::xml_name_not_found
 *            Child element name not found.
 * @exception GException::out_of_range
 *            Child element index is out of range.
 *
 * Returns a pointer to the child number @p index with @p name of the XML
 * node. An exception will be thrown if the @p index is not valid.
 ***************************************************************************/
GXmlElement* GXmlNode::element(const std::string& name, const int& index)
{
    // Determine number of child elements
    int n = elements(name);

    // Signal if no children exist
    if (n < 1) {
        throw GException::xml_name_not_found(G_ELEMENT3, name);
    }

    // If index is outside boundary then throw an error
    if (index < 0 || index >= n) {
        throw GException::out_of_range(G_ELEMENT3, index, 0, n-1);
    }

    // Get the requested child element
    GXmlElement* element  = NULL;
    int          elements = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < m_nodes.size(); ++i) {
        GXmlElement* src = dynamic_cast<GXmlElement*>(m_nodes[i]);
        if (src != NULL) {
            if (src->name() == name) {
                if (elements == index) {
                    element = src;
                    break;
                }
                elements++;
            }
        }
    }

    // Return child element
    return element;
}


/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Return pointer on GXMLElement child of a given name (const variant)
 *
 * @param[in] name Name of child element.
 * @param[in] index Node index [0,...,elements()-1].
 * @return Pointer to child element (NULL if element does not exist).
 *
 * @exception GException::xml_name_not_found
 *            Child element name not found.
 * @exception GException::out_of_range
 *            Child element index is out of range.
 *
 * Returns a pointer to the child number @p index with @p name of the XML
 * node. An exception will be thrown if the @p index is not valid.
 ***************************************************************************/
const GXmlElement* GXmlNode::element(const std::string& name, const int& index) const
{
    // Determine number of child elements
    int n = elements(name);

    // Signal if no children exist
    if (n < 1) {
        throw GException::xml_name_not_found(G_ELEMENT3, name);
    }

    // If index is outside boundary then throw an error
    if (index < 0 || index >= n) {
        throw GException::out_of_range(G_ELEMENT3, index, 0, n-1);
    }

    // Get the requested child element
    const GXmlElement* element  = NULL;
    int                elements = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < m_nodes.size(); ++i) {
        const GXmlElement* src = dynamic_cast<const GXmlElement*>(m_nodes[i]);
        if (src != NULL) {
            if (src->name() == name) {
                if (elements == index) {
                    element = src;
                    break;
                }
                elements++;
            }
        }
    }

    // Return child element
    return element;
}


/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Print XML node in string
 *
 * @param[in] chatter Chattiness (defaults to NORMAL).
 * @return String containing XML information.
 ***************************************************************************/
std::string GXmlNode::print(const GChatter& chatter) const
{
    // Set result string
    std::string result = print(chatter, 0);

    // Return
    return result;
}


/*==========================================================================
 =                                                                         =
 =                             Private methods                             =
 =                                                                         =
 ==========================================================================*/

/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Initialise class members
 ***************************************************************************/
void GXmlNode::init_members(void)
{
    // Initialise members
    m_nodes.clear();
    m_parent = NULL;

    // Return
    return;
}


/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Copy class members
 *
 * @param[in] node XML node.
 *
 * @todo Is copying the parent node pointer correct?
 ***************************************************************************/
void GXmlNode::copy_members(const GXmlNode& node)
{
    // Copy members
    m_parent = node.m_parent;

    // Copy nodes
    m_nodes.clear();
    for (int i = 0; i < node.m_nodes.size(); ++i) {
        m_nodes.push_back((node.m_nodes[i]->clone()));
    }

    // Return
    return;
}


/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Delete class members
 *
 * As container classes that hold pointers need to handle themselves the
 * proper deallocation of memory, we loop here over all pointers and make
 * sure that we deallocate the associated nodes.
 ***************************************************************************/
void GXmlNode::free_members(void)
{
    // Free memory for all nodes
    for (int i = 0; i < m_nodes.size(); ++i) {
        delete m_nodes[i];
        m_nodes[i] = NULL;
    }

    // Return
    return;
}


/***********************************************************************//**
 * @brief Extract index from tag
 *
 * @param[in,out] tag Tag.
 * @return Index.
 *
 * @exception GException::invalid_argument
 *            Tag string invalid.
 *
 * Extracts the index from a tag string of the following syntax
 *
 *     param[1]
 *
 * The value within the squared brackets provides the index of the element.
 * If the squared brackets are omitted, an index of 0 will be returned.
 ***************************************************************************/
int GXmlNode::extract_index(std::string& tag) const
{
    // Initialise index
    int index = 0;

    // Search for squared brackets, extract index, and strip brackets
    // from tag
    size_t      start = tag.find_first_of("[");
    if (start != std::string::npos) {
        size_t stop = tag.find_first_of("]", start);
        if (stop == std::string::npos) {
            std::string msg = "Tag specifier \""+tag+"\" is missing "
                              "a ] bracket.";
            throw GException::invalid_argument(G_EXTRACT_INDEX, msg);
        }
        else {
            size_t length = stop - start - 1;
            if (length < 1) {
                std::string msg = "Index value is missing for \""+tag+"\".";
                throw GException::invalid_argument(G_EXTRACT_INDEX, msg);
            }
            else {
                index = gammalib::toint(tag.substr(start+1, length));
                tag   = tag.substr(0, start);
            }
        }
    }

    // Return index
    return index;
}