Replace print statements by calls to sys.stdout.write() functions.

As Python3 replaces the print statement by a print() function, the previous code was not compatible with Python3. We thus replaced all print statements by calls to sys.stdout.write() so that the code works both for Python2 and Python3.

Replace print statements by calls to sys.stdout.write() functions.
As Python3 replaces the print statement by a print() function, the previous code was not compatible with Python3. We thus replaced all print statements by calls to sys.stdout.write() so that the code works both for Python2 and Python3.
Jürgen Knödlseder
1 parent e0891e8e
Showing 9 changed files with 60 additions and 61 deletions
examples/make_binned_analysis.py
examples/show_pull_histogram.py
examples/show_ts_distribution.py
scripts/cspull.py
scripts/cssens.py
scripts/cstsdist.py
scripts/cta_make_nodes.py
scripts/cta_root2irf.py
test/test_python.py
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ from gammalib import *
 from math import *
 import os
 import glob
+import sys
 # ============================= #
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ def pipeline_v1():
 	sim["emin"].real(emin)
 	sim["emax"].real(emax)
 	sim.execute()
-	print "Simulated events ("+str(sim.celapse())+" CPU seconds)"
+	sys.stdout.write("Simulated events ("+str(sim.celapse())+" CPU seconds)\n")
 	# Update timing
 	wall_seconds += sim.telapse()
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ def pipeline_v1():
 	bin["yref"].real(dec)
 	bin["proj"].string(proj)
 	bin.execute()
-	print "Binned events into counts map ("+str(bin.celapse())+" CPU seconds)"
+	sys.stdout.write("Binned events into counts map ("+str(bin.celapse())+" CPU seconds)\n")
 	# Update timing
 	wall_seconds += bin.telapse()
@@ -119,15 +120,15 @@ def pipeline_v1():
 	like["caldb"].string(caldb)
 	like["irf"].string(irf)
 	like.execute()
-	print "Maximum likelihood fitting ("+str(like.celapse())+" CPU seconds)"
+	sys.stdout.write("Maximum likelihood fitting ("+str(like.celapse())+" CPU seconds)\n")
 	# Update timing
 	wall_seconds += like.telapse()
 	cpu_seconds  += like.celapse()
 	# Show total times
-	print "Total wall time elapsed: "+str(wall_seconds)+" seconds"
-	print "Total CPU time used ...: "+str(cpu_seconds)+" seconds"
+	sys.stdout.write("Total wall time elapsed: "+str(wall_seconds)+" seconds\n")
+	sys.stdout.write("Total CPU time used ...: "+str(cpu_seconds)+" seconds\n")
 	# Return
 	return
@@ -181,7 +182,7 @@ def pipeline_v2():
 	sim["emin"].real(emin)
 	sim["emax"].real(emax)
 	sim.run()
-	print "Simulated events ("+str(sim.celapse())+" CPU seconds)"
+	sys.stdout.write("Simulated events ("+str(sim.celapse())+" CPU seconds)\n")
 	# Update timing
 	wall_seconds += sim.telapse()
@@ -200,7 +201,7 @@ def pipeline_v2():
 	bin["yref"].real(dec)
 	bin["proj"].string(proj)
 	bin.run()
-	print "Binned events into counts map ("+str(bin.celapse())+" CPU seconds)"
+	sys.stdout.write("Binned events into counts map ("+str(bin.celapse())+" CPU seconds)\n")
 	# Update timing
 	wall_seconds += bin.telapse()
@@ -209,18 +210,18 @@ def pipeline_v2():
 	# Perform maximum likelihood fitting
 	like = ctlike(bin.obs())
 	like.run()
-	print "Maximum likelihood fitting ("+str(like.celapse())+" CPU seconds)"
+	sys.stdout.write("Maximum likelihood fitting ("+str(like.celapse())+" CPU seconds)\n")
 	# Update timing
 	wall_seconds += like.telapse()
 	cpu_seconds  += like.celapse()
 	# Show total times
-	print "Total wall time elapsed: "+str(wall_seconds)+" seconds"
-	print "Total CPU time used ...: "+str(cpu_seconds)+" seconds"
+	sys.stdout.write("Total wall time elapsed: "+str(wall_seconds)+" seconds\n")
+	sys.stdout.write("Total CPU time used ...: "+str(cpu_seconds)+" seconds\n")
 	# Show model fitting results
-	#print like.obs().models()
+	#sys.stdout.write(like.obs().models()+"\n")
 	# Plot counts
 	plot_counts(bin.obs())
@@ -249,9 +250,9 @@ def plot_counts(observations):
 		styles = ['b-', 'g-', 'y-', 'n-']
 		# Dump header
-		print ""
-		print "Make plots (using matplotlib):"
-		print "=============================="
+		sys.stdout.write("\n")
+		sys.stdout.write("Make plots (using matplotlib):\n")
+		sys.stdout.write("==============================\n")
 		# Create figure 1
 		plt.figure(1,figsize=(12,6))
@@ -274,7 +275,7 @@ def plot_counts(observations):
 				energy.append(ebounds.elogmean(i).TeV())
 			# Create spectrum
-			print "Extract data:"
+			sys.stdout.write("Extract data:\n")
 			counts = [0.0 for i in range(ebounds.size())]
 			for bin in cube:
 				index         = ebounds.index(bin.energy())
@@ -288,10 +289,10 @@ def plot_counts(observations):
 			plt.errorbar(energy, counts, error, fmt=None, ecolor='r')
 			# Extract models
-			print "Extract models:"
+			sys.stdout.write("Extract models:\n")
 			sum_model = [0.0 for i in range(ebounds.size())]
 			for k, m in enumerate(observations.models()):
-				print "- "+m.name()
+				sys.stdout.write("- "+m.name()+"\n")
 				model = [0.0 for i in range(ebounds.size())]
 				for bin in cube:
 					index        = ebounds.index(bin.energy())
@@ -322,7 +323,7 @@ def plot_counts(observations):
 			cube = cast_GCTAEventCube(obs.events())
 			# Create offset histogram
-			print "Extract data:"
+			sys.stdout.write("Extract data:\n")
 			nx       = 30
 			doffset2 = 0.01
 			offset2  = [(i+0.5)*doffset2 for i in range(nx)]
@@ -341,10 +342,10 @@ def plot_counts(observations):
 			plt.semilogy(offset2, counts, 'ro', label='data')
 			# Extract models
-			print "Extract models:"
+			sys.stdout.write("Extract models:\n")
 			sum_model = [0.0 for i in range(nx)]
 			for k, m in enumerate(observations.models()):
-				print "- "+m.name()
+				sys.stdout.write("- "+m.name()+"\n")
 				model = [0.0 for i in range(nx)]
 				for bin in cube:
 					off   = bin.dir().dist_deg(crab)
@@ -368,7 +369,7 @@ def plot_counts(observations):
 		plt.show()
 	except:
-		print "Matplotlib is not (correctly) installed on your system. No counts spectra are shown."
+		sys.stdout.write("Matplotlib is not (correctly) installed on your system. No counts spectra are shown.\n")
 	# Return
 	return
@@ -398,10 +399,10 @@ if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
 	around the Crab has been performed.
 	"""
 	# Dump header
-	print "*************************************"
-	print "*    CTA binned analysis scripts    *"
-	print "*************************************"
-	print "... this script will take 1-2 minutes"
+	sys.stdout.write("*************************************\n")
+	sys.stdout.write("*    CTA binned analysis scripts    *\n")
+	sys.stdout.write("*************************************\n")
+	sys.stdout.write("... this script will take 1-2 minutes\n")
 	# Remove any existing result files
 	list = [glob.glob("*.fits"), glob.glob("*.log"), glob.glob("*.xml")]
@@ -410,14 +411,14 @@ if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
 			os.remove(file)
 	# Save intermediate results on disk
-	print ""
-	print "Executable analysis pipeline:"
-	print "============================="
+	sys.stdout.write("\n")
+	sys.stdout.write("Executable analysis pipeline:\n")
+	sys.stdout.write("=============================\n")
 	pipeline_v1()
 	# Do analysis in memory
-	print ""
-	print "In memory analysis pipeline:"
-	print "============================"
+	sys.stdout.write("\n")
+	sys.stdout.write("In memory analysis pipeline:\n")
+	sys.stdout.write("============================\n")
 	pipeline_v2()
-	print ""
+	sys.stdout.write("\n")
@@ -58,11 +58,10 @@ def read_pull(filename, parname):
 			try:
 				index = row.index(parname)
 			except:
-				print 'ERROR: Parameter "'+parname+'" not found in list:'
+				sys.stdout.write('ERROR: Parameter "'+parname+'" not found in list:\n')
 				for p in row:
-					print '       "'+p+'"'
+					sys.stdout.write('       "'+p+'"\n')
 				raise NameError(parname)
-			#print index
 		# Handle data rows
 		else:
@@ -73,7 +72,6 @@ def read_pull(filename, parname):
 	# Create numpy array
 	a = np.array(values)
-	#print a
 	# Return array
 	return a
@@ -89,7 +87,7 @@ if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
 	# Print usage information
 	usage = "Usage: show_pull_histogram filename parname [bins]"
 	if len(sys.argv) < 3:
-		print usage
+		sys.stdout.write(usage+"\n")
 		sys.exit()
 	# Extract parameters
@@ -53,10 +53,9 @@ def read_ts(filename, tsname=&quot;TS&quot;):
 			try:
 				index = row.index(tsname)
 			except:
-				print 'ERROR: Column "TS" not found in file'
-				print row
+				sys.stdout.write('ERROR: Column "TS" not found in file\n')
+				sys.stdout.write(row+"\n")
 				raise NameError("TS")
-			#print index
 		# Handle data rows
 		else:
@@ -227,7 +226,7 @@ if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
 	usage = "Usage: show_ts_distribution filename" \
 	        " [-n bins] [-c column] [-t title] [-p plot]"
 	if len(sys.argv) < 2:
-		print usage
+		sys.stdout.write(usage+"\n")
 		sys.exit()
 	# Extract parameters
@@ -257,10 +256,10 @@ if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
 					try:
 						par['value'] = sys.argv[i]
 					except:
-						print usage
+						sys.stdout.write(usage+"\n")
 						sys.exit()
 				else:
-					print usage
+					sys.stdout.write(usage+"\n")
 					sys.exit()
 		# Next item
@@ -274,7 +273,7 @@ if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
 	# Read values from CSV file
 	values = read_ts(filename, tsname=tsname)
-	print len(values), "values read."
+	sys.stdout.write(len(values), "values read.\n")
 	# Show histogram
 	if plot == "pdf":
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class cspull(GApplication):
 			pars = GPars(parfile)
 		except:
 			# Signal if parfile was not found
-			print "Parfile "+parfile+" not found. Create default parfile."
+			sys.stdout.write("Parfile "+parfile+" not found. Create default parfile.\n")
 			# Create default parfile
 			pars = GPars()
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class cssens(GApplication):
 			pars = GPars(parfile)
 		except:
 			# Signal if parfile was not found
-			print "Parfile "+parfile+" not found. Create default parfile."
+			sys.stdout.write("Parfile "+parfile+" not found. Create default parfile.\n")
 			# Create default parfile
 			pars = GPars()
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class cstsdist(GApplication):
 			pars = GPars(parfile)
 		except:
 			# Signal if parfile was not found
-			print "Parfile "+parfile+" not found. Create default parfile."
+			sys.stdout.write("Parfile "+parfile+" not found. Create default parfile.\n")
 			# Create default parfile
 			pars = GPars()
@@ -86,7 +86,8 @@ def create_nodes(emin, emax, enumbins):
 		write_node(file, energy, scale)
 		# Debug
-		#print energy, math.pow(10.0, int(math.log10(scale))-1.0)
+		#sys.stdout.write(energy)
+        #sys.stdout.write(math.pow(10.0, int(math.log10(scale))-1.0)±"\n")
 	# Close file
 	file.close()
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
 	# Check command line
 	usage = "Usage: cta_make_nodes emin emax enumbins"
 	if len(sys.argv) < 3:
-		print usage
+		sys.stdout.write(usage+"\n")
 		sys.exit()
 	# Extract parameters
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ def make_files(filename, prfname, bkgname):
 	# Write header
 	fprf.write("log(E) Area  r68  r80  ERes. BG Rate  Diff Sens\n")
-	print "log(E) Area  Area80  r68  r80  ERes. BG Rate  Diff Sens  BGRateSqDeg  BGInt  (BGIntControl)"
+	#sys.stdout.write("log(E) Area  Area80  r68  r80  ERes. BG Rate  Diff Sens  BGRateSqDeg  BGInt  (BGIntControl)\n")
 	# Get histograms. Konrad's root files do not have an EffectiveArea80
 	# histogram, but his effective area is for 80% containment radius
@@ -222,8 +222,8 @@ def make_files(filename, prfname, bkgname):
 		fbkg.write(str(energy)+" "+str(bkg_rate)+"\n")
 		# Show performance file
-		print "%.1f  %.1f  %.1f  %.4f  %.4f %.4f %.7f  %.5e  %.5e %.5e (%.5e)" % \
-		      (logE, area, area80, r68, r80, dE, bgd, diffs, bgdsq, bkg_rate, bkg_rate2)
+		#print "%.1f  %.1f  %.1f  %.4f  %.4f %.4f %.7f  %.5e  %.5e %.5e (%.5e)" % \
+		#      (logE, area, area80, r68, r80, dE, bgd, diffs, bgdsq, bkg_rate, bkg_rate2)
 	# Write trailer
 	fprf.write("---------------------------------------------\n")
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
 		# Build output filenames
 		prfname = name + ".dat"
 		bkgname = "bkg_"+name+".txt"
-		print prfname, bkgname
+		#print prfname, bkgname
 		# Create files
 		make_files(file, prfname, bkgname)
@@ -177,10 +177,10 @@ if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
 	Test ctools Python modules.
 	"""
 	# Dump header
-	print ""
-	print "*************************************"
-	print "* ctools Python interface testing *"
-	print "************************************"
+	sys.stdout.write("\n")
+	sys.stdout.write("***********************************\n")
+	sys.stdout.write("* ctools Python interface testing *\n")
+	sys.stdout.write("***********************************\n")
 	# Set PFILES environment variable
 	try:
@@ -197,11 +197,11 @@ if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
 			os.remove(file)
 	# Save intermediate results on disk
-	print "Test executable analysis: ",
+	sys.stdout.write("Test executable analysis: ")
 	pipeline_v1()
-	print " ok"
+	sys.stdout.write(" ok\n")
 	# Keep results in memory
-	print "Test in-memory analysis: ",
+	sys.stdout.write("Test in-memory analysis: ")
 	pipeline_v2()
-	print " ok"
+	sys.stdout.write(" ok\n")